Cellulose Gum: a new additive for wine tartaric stability. Tentative of structures determination involved in the haze formation after CMC addition in wine

International audienceCellulose gum (or sodium carboxymethylcellulose / CMC) is a new additive permitted by the European Community for tartaric stabilization (maximum dosage: 10g/HL). CMC is known to have a high eciency for potassium bitartrate and calcium tartrate crystallization inhibition in white and sparkling wines. Hypotheses suggest an inhibition of the nuclei growth at the beginning of their formation. However some problems remain, such as the formation of a low increase of the turbidity in white wine (from 0,1 to 0,4 NTU at room temperature) requiring a ltration step and the formation of a high lumps volume when CMC is used in some red wines. The goal of the following experiments was to determine which molecules are involved in the haze formed in white or red wines. 1. On white wines: A unique Sauvignon wine is treated from 0 up to 600mg/L of activated bentonite. After ltration, each batch was added (or not) with 100mg/L of CMC previously dissolved in tap water (conc.:50g/L). After 1 week of storage at 13°C, samples were heated at 80°C during ½ h and then stored at RT during 24h before running turbidity. 2. On red wines: 1L of red wine (blend of Cinsault, Merlot and Cab. Sauvignon) was added with 100mg/L of CMC (see above) and stored at-4°C for 4 days. After this time, the wine showed a high level of red clouds. At negative temperature, the deposit was ltered on 0.2 µm nitrocellulose lter membrane and extensively washed with a hydro-alcoholic solution (12% ethanol v/v-pH: 3,5/HCl) kept at-4°C. The membrane was then dried under vacuum and the deposit was collected and exchanged 3 times with D2O for H1-NMR study (HRMAS)

Overcoming Language Dichotomies: Toward Effective Program Comprehension for Mobile App Development

Mobile devices and platforms have become an established target for modern software developers due to performant hardware and a large and growing user base numbering in the billions. Despite their popularity, the software development process for mobile apps comes with a set of unique, domain-specific challenges rooted in program comprehension. Many of these challenges stem from developer difficulties in reasoning about different representations of a program, a phenomenon we define as a "language dichotomy". In this paper, we reflect upon the various language dichotomies that contribute to open problems in program comprehension and development for mobile apps. Furthermore, to help guide the research community towards effective solutions for these problems, we provide a roadmap of directions for future work.Comment: Invited Keynote Paper for the 26th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC'18

Structure of the Cytoplasmic Loop between Putative Helices II and III of the Mannitol Permease of Escherichia coli: A Tryptophan and 5-Fluorotryptophan Spectroscopy Study

In this work, four single tryptophan (Trp) mutants of the dimeric mannitol transporter of Escherichia coli, EIImtl, are characterized using Trp and 5-fluoroTrp (5-FTrp) fluorescence spectroscopy. The four positions, 97, 114, 126, and 133, are located in a region shown by recent studies to be involved in the mannitol translocation process. To spectroscopically distinguish between the Trp positions in each subunit of dimeric EIImtl, 5-FTrp was biosynthetically incorporated because of its much simpler photophysics compared to those of Trp. The steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence methodologies used point out that all four positions are in structured environments, both in the absence and in the presence of a saturating concentration of mannitol. The fluorescence decay of all 5-FTrp-containing mutants was highly homogeneous, suggesting similar microenvironments for both probes per dimer. However, Stern-Volmer quenching experiments using potassium iodide indicate different solvent accessibilities for the two probes at positions 97 and 133. A 5 Å two-dimensional (2D) projection map of the membrane-embedded IICmtl dimer showing 2-fold symmetry is available. The results of this work are in better agreement with a 7 Å projection map from a single 2D crystal on which no symmetry was imposed.

Old lineage on an old island : Pixibinthus, a new cricket genus endemic to New Caledonia shed light on gryllid diversification in a hotspot of biodiversity

Few studies have focused on the early colonization of New Caledonia by insects, after the re-emergence of the main island, 37 Myr ago. Here we investigate the mode and tempo of evolution of a new endemic cricket genus, Pixibinthus, recently discovered in southern New Caledonia. First we formally describe this new monotypic genus found exclusively in the open shrubby vegetation on metalliferous soils, named 'maquis minier', unique to New Caledonia. We then reconstruct a dated molecular phylogeny based on five mitochondrial and four nuclear loci in order to establish relationships of Pixibinthus within Eneopterinae crickets. Pixibinthus is recovered as thesister clade of the endemic genus Agnotecous, mostly rainforest-dwellers. Dating results show that the island colonization by their common ancestor occurred around 34.7 Myr, shortly after New Caledonia re-emergence. Pixibinthus and Agnotecous are then one of the oldest insect lineages documented so far for New Caledonia. This discovery highlights for the first time two clear-cut ecological specializations between sister clades, as Agnotecous is mainly found in rainforests with 19 species, whereas Pixibinthus is found in open habitats with a single documented species. The preference of Pixibinthus for open habitats and of Agnotecous for forest habitats nicely fits an acoustic specialization, either explained by differences in body size or in acoustic properties of their respective habitats. We hypothesize that landscape dynamics, linked to major past climatic events and recent change in fire regimes are possible causes for both present-day low diversity and rarity in genus Pixibinthus. The unique evolutionary history of this old New Caledonian lineage stresses the importance to increase our knowledge on the faunal biodiversity of 'maquis minier', in order to better understand the origin and past dynamics of New Caledonian biota

SPIRAL2 RFQ prototype - First results

JACoW web site MOPCH103International audienceThe SPIRAL2 RFQ is designed to accelerate either 5 mA deuteron beam (Q/A=1/2) or a 1 mA of q/A=1/3 particle up to 0.75 MeV/A at 88 MHz. It is a CW machine which has to show stable operation, provide the required availability and reduce losses to a minimum in order to minimize the activation constraints. Extensive modelisation was done to ensure a good vane position under RF. The prototype of this 4-vane RFQ was built and tested in INFN-LNS Catania and then in IN2P3-LPSC Grenoble. It allowed us to measure the vacuum quality, the RF field by X-ray measurements, the cavity displacement and the real vane displacement during the RF injection. Different techniques were used, including an innovative CCD measurement with a 0.8 μm precision. This paper outlines the different results

A plan for play - An Eye View Series report

There is a simple, inexpensive and joyful way to address many of the major challenges facing society and its children; addressing the alarming mental health crisis and obesity epidemic and helping to prepare children for an ever-changing work force. The solution that is all too often overlooked and neglected is - play. The right to play is so important that it is enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Research documents its importance to every aspect of child health, development and wellbeing. Yet many children have little or no access to high quality play opportunities. Play provision should be considered in relation to every aspect of children’s lives – the design of their neighbourhoods, as well as within the services they access, such as child care centres, schools, hospitals, recreation facilities, parks and adventure playgrounds. Play cannot be relegated to the places and context that adults decide are appropriate It should be woven into the fabric of every aspect of children’s lives and the communities they are part of. Equitable access to play means reducing the insidious gradient of inequity that impacts children’s lives even before they are born and continues across their lifespan. Schools are one important venue to ensure equitable access to play. For some children, it will be the only opportunity they have for this nourishing and necessary activity. Play comprises a quarter of the school year, yet teachers and support staff receive no proper training or support to ensure that children in their care – our society’s future – have fulfilling play time. We know that early life experiences set the stage for the future, and that early intervention saves unquantifiable and unnecessary suffering and costs later on – for children, families and society as a whole. We owe it to children and ourselves both now and tomorrow, to make a plan for play that sees every child in every place playing every day. This report makes that case